Below is a list of scientific and popular firefly literature (over 2200 citations), concerning firefly taxonomy, ecology, biochemistry, and so much more. This list is periodically updated. If you find mistakes, or have literature to add, please contact Oliver Keller at drfirefly1977[at]gmail.com.
A
Abe, N. 1995. The first successful Genji firefly incubation under reverse-nocturnal ecological condition. The Nature and Insects 30(8): 37–41. [In Japanese]
Abe, N. 1997. Breeding fireflies at the Itabashi firefly house, Tokyo. Insectarium 34(5): 20–23. [In Japanese]
Ackerman, D. 1992. A reporter at large: insect love. The New Yorker 68: 34–54.
Acloque, A. 1905. Le ver luisant. Cosmos 1089: 676–679. [In French]
Adams, R. G. 1981. Search paths of fireflies in two dimensions. The Florida Entomologist 64(1): 66–73.
Aflalo, C. 1991. Biologically localized firefly luciferase: a tool to study cellular processes. International Review of Cytology 130: 269–323.
Aflalo, C. 1997. Localized firefly luciferase probes ATP at the surface of mitochondria. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 29(6): 549–559.
Agassiz, L. 1848. Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymus plantarum. Jent et Gassmann, Solothurn, Switzerland. 1135 pp.
Airth, R. L., W. C. Rhodes, and W. D. McElroy. 1958. The function of coenzyme A in luminescence. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 27: 519–532.
Airy Shaw, H. K. 1961. Phosphaenus hemipterus (Goeze) (Col., Lampyridae) in Ashdown forest. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 97: 182.
Alcock, J. 2018. Male fireflies (Photinus pyralis (Linnaeus) and Photinus sabulosus Green) are at special risk of capture by spider predators and are then stolen by kleptoparasitic fireflies in the genus Photuris Dejean (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 72(2): 347–350.
Alexander, G. 1935. Is a pacemaker involved in synchronous flashing of fireflies? Science 82(2132): 440.
Alexander, K. N. A. 1992. The glow worm, Lampyris noctiluca (L.), in Gloucestershire and its conservation. Gloucestershire Naturalist 5: 1–5.
Alexander, R. D. 1968. Arthropods. 167–216. In: Sebeok, T. A. (Ed.) Animal communication: techniques of study and results of research. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, USA. 686 pp.
Alexander, R. D. 1972. Saying it with sights and sounds. 88–111. In: McLoughlin, J. C. (Contr.) The marvels of animal behavior. National Geographic Society, Washington D. C., USA. 422 pp.
Alexander, R. S. 1943. Factors controlling firefly luminescence. Journal of Cellular Physiology 22(1): 51–71.
Alicata, J. E. and H. A. Bess. 1952. Fireflies may control flukes. Hawaii Farm Science Agricultural Progress Quarterly 1(3): 5–6.
Alipour, B. S., S. Hosseinkhani, M. Nikkhah, H. Naderi-Manesh, M. J. Chaichi, and S. K. Osaloo. 2004. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of a cDNA encoding the luciferase from the glow-worm, Lampyris turkestanicus. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 325: 215–222.
Aliza, A. R. N., J. C. Bedick, R. L. Rana, H. Tunaz, W. W. Hoback, D. W. Stanley. 2001. Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in tissues of the firefly, Photinus pyralis (Insecta: Coleoptera). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 128: 251–257.
Allard, H. A. 1916. The synchronal flashing of fireflies. Science 44(1142): 710.
Allard, H. A. 1917. Synchronism and synchronic rhythm in the behavior of certain creatures. The American Naturalist 51(607): 438–446.
Allard, H. A. 1920. The flight of fireflies and the flashing impulse. Science 52(1353): 539–540.
Allard, H. A. 1931. The photoperiodism of the firefly Photinus pyralis Linn.; Its relation to the evening twilight and other conditions. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 33(3): 49–58.
Allard, H. A. 1935. Synchronous flashing of fireflies. Science 82(2135): 517–518.
Allee, W. C. 1927. Animal aggregations. The Quarterly Review of Biology 2(3): 367–398.
Allen, A. A. 1961. The eggs of Lampyris noctiluca L. (Col., Lampyridae) are luminous. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 97: 29.
Allen, I. M. and A. Wootton. 1963. Man’s use of fire-flies for light. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 99: 27–30.
Alluaud, C. 1899. Contributions à la faune entomologique de la region Malgache. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1899: 378–382. [In French]
Alter, S. C. and M. DeLuca. 1986. The sulfhydryls of firefly luciferase are not essential for activity. Biochemistry 25: 1599–1605.
Altman, L. K. 1993, May 7. Glow of firefly is used in new test to detect TB. New York Times.
Al-Wathiqui, N., T. R. Fallon, A. South, J.-K. Weng, and S. M. Lewis. 2016. Molecular characterization of firefly nuptial gifts: a multi-omics approach sheds light on postcopulatory sexual selection. Scientific Reports 6: 38556.
Amaral, D. T., F. G. C. Arnoldi, S. P. Rosa, and V. R. Viviani. 2014. Molecular phylogeny of Neotropical bioluminescent beetles (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) in southern and central Brazil. Luminescence 29: 412–422.
Amaral, D. T., J. R. Silva, and V. R. Viviani. 2017a. Transcriptional comparison of the photogenic and non-photogenic tissues of Phrixothrix hirtus (Coleoptera: Phengodidae) and non-luminescent Chauliognathus flavipes (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) give insights on the origin of lanterns in railroad worms. Gene Reports 7: 78–86.
Amaral, D. T., J. R. Silva, and V. R. Viviani. 2017b. Transcriptomes from the photogenic and non-photogenetic tissues and life stages of the Aspisoma lineatum firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): implications for the evolutionary origins of bioluminescence and its associeated light organs. Gene Reports 8: 150–159.
Amaral, D. T., Y. Mitani, Y. Ohmiya, and V. R. Viviani. 2016. Organization and comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genomes of bioluminescent Elateroidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga). Gene 586: 254–262.
Ancey, F. 1868. Relation d’un voyage en Syrie. L’Abeille Journal D’Entomologie 5: 149–170. [In French]
Ancey, F. 1869. Coléoptéres Nouveaux. L’Abeille Journal D’Entomologie 7: 84–88. [In French]
Anderson, W. H., G. B. Vogt, A. B. Gurney, and O. D. Deputy. 1950. Herbert Spencer Barber 1882–1950. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 52(5): 259–269.
Ando, H. and H. Kobayashi. 1975. Description of early and middle development stages in embryos of the firefly, Luciola cruciata Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Sugadaira 7: 1–11.
Ando, Y. and H. Akiyama. 2008. Fluorescence of firefly luciferin in DMSO and aqueous solutions with changing excitation wavelength. Luminescence 23: 59. [Abstract]
Ando, Y., K. Niwa, N. Yamada, T. Enomoto, T. Irie, H. Kubota, Y. Ohmiya, and H. Akiyama. 2008. Firefly bioluminescence quantum yield and colour change by pH-sensitive green emission. Nature Photonics 2: 44–47.
Andrews, A. W. 1916. Results of the Mershon expedition to the Charity islands, Lake Huron: Coleoptera. Miscellaneous Papers on the Zoology of Michigan 20(4): 65–108.
Annandale, N. 1900. Observations on the habits and natural surroundings of insects made during the “Skeat Expedition” to the Malay peninsula, 1899–1900. VI. Insect luminosity. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1900: 862–865.
Annandale, N. 1904. The occurrence of an aquatic glow-worm in India. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 1904: 82–83.
Annandale, N. 1906. Notes on the freshwater fauna of India. No. III. An Indian aquatic cockroach and beetle larva. Journal and Preceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2: 105–107.
Anonymous. 1917. The firefly’s light. The Journal of Heredity 8: 368–372.
Anonymous. 1978. Catching fireflies for science. National Geographic World 35: 20–21.
Anonymous. 1979. Kort genoteerd. Vakblad voor Biologen 59(1): 10. [In Dutch]
Aprille, J. R., C. J. Lagace, J. Modica-Napolitano, and B. A. Trimmer. 2004. Role of nitric oxide and mitochondria in control of firefly flash. Integrative and Comparative Biology 44(3): 213–219.
Archangelsky, M. 2004. Description of the last larval instar and pupa of Aspisoma fenestrata Blanchard, 1837 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) with brief notes on its biology. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 147: 49–55.
Archangelsky, M. 2010. Larval and pupal morphology of Pyractonema nigripennis Solier (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Photinini) and comparative notes with other Photinini larvae. Zootaxa 2601: 37–44.
Archangelsky, M. and M. A. Branham. 1998. Description of the preimaginal stages of Pyractomena borealis (Randall, 1838) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and notes on its biology. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 421–430.
Archangelsky, M. and M. A. Branham. 2001. Description of last instar and pupa of Pyropyga nigricans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Photinini) and comparison with larvae of other Photinini genera. The Canadian Entomologist 133: 155–164.
Arias-Díaz, D. M., G. Reinoso-Flórez, G. Guevara-Cardona, and F. A. Villa-Navarro. 2007. Spatial and temporal distribution of the water beetles in the Coello River Basin (Tolima, Colombia). Caldasia 29(1): 177–194. [In Spanish]
Armitage, R. W. 1908. Notes on the Queensland firefly beetle, Luciola flavicollis. The Victorian Naturalist 25(2): 28–30.
Arneson, A. S., M. K. Peterson, and J. B. Buck. 1965. Oxygen requirements of firefly luminescence. American Zoologist 5(4): 682–683.
Arslan, T., S. V. Mamaev, N. V. Mamaeva, and S. M. Hecht. 1997. Structurally modified firefly luciferase. Effects of amino acid substitution at position 286. Journal of the American Chemical Society 119(45): 10877–10887.
Asenjo, A. and L. Figueroa. 2017. Catalog of the types of Coleoptera (Insecta) deposited at Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (NUSM, Lima, Peru. Zootaxa 4299(1): 1–53.
Ávila, G. M. R., J.-L. Deneubourg, J.-L. Guisset, N. Wessel, and J. Kurths. 2011. Firefly courtship as the basis of the synchronization-response principle. EPL 94, 60007: 6 pp.
B
Badia, E., M. J. Duchesne, M. Pons, and J. C. Nicolas. 1994. Membrane targeting of firefly luciferase: a new bioluminescent reporter gene. Analytical Biochemistry 217: 333–335.
Bae, J. S., I. Kim, H. D. Sohn, and B. R. Jin. 2004. The mitochondrial genome of the firefly, Pyrocoelia rufa: complete DNA sequence, genome organization, and phylogenetic analysis with other insects. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 978–985.
Baer, G.-A. 1886a. Descriptions d’espèces Nouvelles par M. M. Bourgeois, Fairmaire, Fauvel, Lefevre et Olivier. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 6° Serie 6: 178–193. [In Latin]
Baer, G.-A. 1886b. Catalogue des Coléoptères des Iles Philippines. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 6° Serie 6: 201–246.
Bagnoli, P., M. Brunelli, F. Magni, and D. Musumeci. 1976. Neural mechanisms underlying spontaneous flashing and its modulation in the firefly, Luciola lusitanica. Journal of Comparative Physiology 108: 133–156.
Bagnoli, P., M. Brunelli, F. Magni, and M. Pellegrino. 1973. Central and peripheral mechanisms in the control of the diurnal rhythm of flashing in Luciola lusitanica (Charp.). Archives Italiennes de Biologie 111(2): 170–186.
Bagnoli, P., M. Brunelli, F. Magni, and M. Viola. 1972. The identification of a flash-inhibiting substance from the male gonads of Luciola lusitanica (Charp.). Archives Italiennes de Biologie 110(1): 16–34.
Bagnoli, P., M. Brunelli, V. D’Ajello, and F. Magni. 1970. Further evidence for peripheral inhibition of flashing and for the role of the male gonads in Luciola lusitanica (Charp.). Archives Italiennes de Biologie 108: 181–206.
Baldaccini, N. E., V. Fiaschi, and F. Papi. 1969. Rhythmic synchronous flashing in a Bosnian firefly. Monitore Zoologico Italiano – Italian Journal of Zoology 3: 239–245.
Baldwin, T. O. 1996. Firefly luciferase: the structure is known, but the mystery remains. Structure 4(3): 223–228.
Ballantyne, L. A. 1968. Revisional studies of Australian and Indomalayan Luciolini (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae). University of Queensland Papers 2(6): 105–139.
Ballantyne, L. A. 1987a. Further revisional studies on the firefly genus Pteroptyx Olivier (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae: Luciolini). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 113(2): 117–170.
Ballantyne, L. A. 1987b. Lucioline morphology, taxonomy and behaviour: a reappraisal (Coleoptera: Llampyridae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 113(2): 171–188.
Ballantyne, L. A. 1988. The identities of Luciola australis (F.) and L. guerini Laporte (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 27: 161–165.
Ballantyne, L. A. 2000. A redescription and reassignment of Luciola guerini Ballantyne (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae). Australian Entomologist 27(4): 117–223.
Ballantyne, L. A. 2001. The bent winged fireflies of Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae: Luciolini). Pteroptyx spp. Of the Polunin collection. Serangga 6(1): 51–95.
Ballantyne, L. A. 2008. Pygoluciola satoi, a new species of the rare southeast Asian firefly genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) from the Philippines. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56(1): 1–9.
Ballantyne, L. A. 2012. Taxonomy – help or hindrance in South East Asia? Lampyrid 2: 1–12.
Ballantyne, L. A. and C. L. Lambkin. 2000. Lampyridae of Australia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae: Luciolini). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 46(1): 15–93.
Ballantyne, L. A. and C. L. Lambkin. 2001. A new firefly, Luciola (Pygoluciola) kinabalua, new species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), from Malaysia, with observations on a possible copulation clamp. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49(2): 363–377.
Ballantyne, L. A. and C. L. Lambkin. 2006. A phylogenetic reassessment of the rare s. e. Asian firefly genus Pygoluciola (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54(1): 21–48.
Ballantyne, L. A. and C. L. Lambkin. 2009. Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1–188.
Ballantyne, L. A. and C. L. Lambkin. 2013. Systematics and phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the description of new genera. Zootaxa 3653(1): 1–162.
Ballantyne, L. A. and E. Buck. 1979. Taxonomy and behavior of Luciola (Luciola) aphrogeneia, a new surf firefly from Papua New Guinea. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 105(2): 117–137.
Ballantyne, L. A. and J. E. Lloyd. 2013. Working and reference check list for fireflies of Melanesia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae). Zootaxa 3736(3): 277–284.
Ballantyne, L. A. and M. R. McLean. 1970. Revisional studies of the firefly genus Pteroptyx (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae: Luciolini). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 96(2): 223–305.
Ballantyne, L. A. and R. Menayah. 2000. Redescription of the synchronous firefly, Pteroptyx tener Olivier (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), of Kampung Kuantan, Selangor. Malayan Nature Journal 54(4): 323–328.
Ballantyne, L. A. and R. Menayah. 2002. A description of larvae and redescription of adults of the firefly Pteroptyx valida Olivier in Selangor, Malaysia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae), with notes on Luciolinae larvae. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 50(1): 101–109.
Ballantyne, L. A., C. L. Lambkin, X. Luan, Y. Boontop, S. Nak-Eiam, S. Pimpasalee, S. Silalom, and A. Thancharoen. 2016. Further studies on south eastern Asian Luciolinae: 1. Sclerotia Ballantyne, a new genus of fireflies with back swimming larvae 2. Triangulara Pimpasalee, a new genus from Thailand (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 4170(2): 201–249.
Ballantyne, L. A., C. L. Lambkin, Y. Boontop, and W. F. A. Jusoh. 2015. Revisional studies on the Luciolinae fireflies of Asia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): 1. The genus Pyrophanes Olivier with two new species. 2. Four new species of Pteroptyx Olivier and 3. A new genus Inflata Boontop, with redescription of Luciola indica (Motsch.) as Inflata indica comb. nov. Zootaxa 3959(1): 1–84.
Ballantyne, L. A., X.-H. Fu, C. Lambkin, M.-L. Jeng, L. Faust, W. M. C. D. Wijekoon, D. Li, and T. Zhu. 2013. Studies on south-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae). Zootaxa 3721(1): 1–48.
Ballantyne, L. A., X.-H. Fu, C.-H. Shih, C.-Y. Cheng, and V. Yiu. 2011. Pteroptyx maipo Ballantyne, a new species of bent-winged firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Hong Kong, and its relevance to firefly biology and conservation. Zootaxa 2931: 8–34.
Barber, H. S. 1923. A remarkable wingless glow-worm from Ecuador. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruss 10–12: 191–194.
Barber, H. S. 1941. Species of fireflies in Jamaica (Coleoptera, Lampyridae). Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science 8(1): 1–13.
Barber, H. S. 1951. North American fireflies of the genus Photuris. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117(1): 1–58.
Barber, V. C. and C. W. T. Pilcher. 1965. An enzyme histochemical and electron microscopical study of the light organ of the glow-worm, Lampyris noctiluca. Journal of Cell Science 106(3): 247–259.
Barber, V. C. and P. N. Dilly. 1966. The fine structure of the light organ of the glowworm Lampyris noctiluca. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung 73: 286–302.
Barber, V. C., P. N. Dilly, and C. W. T. Pilcher. 1965. Fine structure of a vesiculated reticulum in the light organ of the glow-worm, Lampyris noctiluca. Nature 205(4977): 1183–1185.
Barboni, D. 2013. Lucciole vita spericolata di un coleottero pieno di energia. Tera Mata, Milan, Italy. 64 pp. [In Italian]
Barker, W. 1960. Familiar Insects of America. Harper & Brothers Publishers, New York, NY, USA. 234 pp.
Barndt, D. 2005a. Beitrag zur Arthropodenfauna der Oderhänge und der Oderaue von Lebus – Faunenanalyse und Bewertung (Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera part., Saltatoria, Araneae, Opiliones u. a.). Märkische Entomologische Nachrichten 7(1): 1–52. [In German]
Barndt, D. 2005b. Beitrag zur Arthropodenfaua des Naturparks Schlaubetal und Umgebung – Faunenanalyse und Bewertung (Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Saltatoria, Araneae, Opiliones u. a.). Märkische Entomologische Nachrichten 7(2): 45–102. [In German]
Barnes, P. T. 1919. Fireflies flashing in unison. Science 49(1255): 72.
Barros, J. M. C. de. 1927. Notas entomologicas: Coleopteros novos para a fauna portuguesa. Brotéria 24: 141–143.
Barros, M. P. and E. J. H. Bechara. 2001. Daily variations of antioxidant enzyme and luciferase activities in the luminescent click-beetle Pyrearinus termitilluminans: cooperation against oxygen toxicity. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 31: 393–400.
Bassot, J.-M. and I. V. Polunin. 1967. Synchonously flashing fireflies in the Malay peninsula. Science Report of the Yokusuka City Museum 13: 18–23.
Basu, P., G. Aditya, and A. K. Sanyal. 2017. Community structure of Coleoptera in Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India. Check List 13(3), 2154: 8 pp.
Baudi a Selve, F. 1871a. Coleopterorum messis in insula Cypro et Asia minore ab Eugenio Truqui congregatae recensitio: de Europaeis notis quibusdam additis. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 15(1): 49–74. [In Latin]
Baudi a Selve, F. 1871b. Europeae et circummediterraneae Faunae Dascillidum et Malacodermatum specierum, quae Comes Dejean in suo Catalogo ed. 3 consignavit, ex ejusdem collection in R. Taurinensi Musaeo asservata, cum auctorum hodierne recepta denominatione, collation. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 15(2): 89–130. [In Latin]
Baudi a Selve, F. 1875. Lamprorhiza morio Descrizione di una Nuova Specie Italiana die Lampiridi. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 7(1): 37. [In Latin]
Baudi a Selve, F. 1881. Description d’une nouvelle espèce italienne de Lampyrides. L’Abeille Journal D’Entomologie 18: 35. [In French]
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Berg, C. 1885. Quindecim Coleoptera nova faunae reipublicae Argentinae. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina 19: 219–235.
Bertrand, H. P. I. 1972. Lampyridae. 598–603. In: Bertrand, H. P. I. (Ed.) Larves et nymphes des coléoptères aquatiques du globe: avec tableaux de determination des genres. Impr. F. Paillart, Abbeville, France. 804 pp. [In French]
Bertrand, H. P. I. 1973. Part XI: larvae and pupae of water beetles collected from the island of Ceylon. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Station, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 24(1 and 2): 95–112.
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Bess, H. A. and J. E. Alicata. 1953. Japanese lampyrids introduced. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 15: 12.
Bessho-Uehara, M. and Y. Oba. 2016. Identification and characterization of the Luc2-type luciferase in the Japanese firefly, Luciola parvula, involved in a dim luminescence in immobile stages. Luminescence 32: 924–931.
Bessho-Uehara, M., K. Konishi, and Y. Oba. 2017. Biochemical characteristics and gene expression profiles of two paralogous luciferases from the Japanese firefly Pyrocoelia atripennis (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Lampyrinae): insight into the evolution of firefly luciferase genes. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 2017, 16: 1301–1310.
Bethune, C. J. S. 1868. A luminous larva. The Canadian Entomologist 1(1): 2–3.
Bethune, C. J. S. 1875. Insects of the northern parts of British America. The Canadian Entomologist 7: 109–113.
Beutel, R. G. 1995. Phylogenetic analysis of Elateriformia (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) based on larval characters. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 33: 145–171.
Beven, G. 1983. The glow-worm. London Naturalist 62: 91–92.
Beven, G. 1986. The glow-worm. London Naturalist 65: 185.
Bielz, E. A. 1851. Systematisches Verzeichnis der Käfer Siebenbürgens. Mittheilungen des Siebenbürgischen Vereins für Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt 11: 18–43.
Biggley, W. H., J. E. Lloyd, and H. H. Seliger. 1967. The spectral distribution of firefly light. II. The Journal of General Physiology 50: 1681–1692.
Bird, S. and J. Parker. 2014. Low levels of light pollution may block the ability of male glow-worms (Lampyris noctiluca L.) to locate females. Journal of Insect Conservation 18(4): 737–743.
Biron, K. 2003. Fireflies, dead fish and a glowing bunny: a primer on bioluminescence. BioTeach Journal 1: 19–25.
Bitler, B. and W. D. McElroy. 1957. The preparation and properties of crystalline firefly luciferin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 72: 358–368.
Blackburn, T. 1897. Further notes on Australian Coleoptera with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 21(1): 28–39.
Blackwelder, R. E. 1845. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 3. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 343–550.
Blair, K. G. 1915. Luminous Insects. Nature 96(2406): 411–415.
Blair, K. G. 1927a. An aquatic lampyrid larva from S. Celebes. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (Part I): 43–45.
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